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== Principles and economics of operation ==
[[FileArchivo:JMB-New card.JPG|thumbnail|As a member of a ''frequent flyer programme'', you're likely to receive a membership card like the one above for Japan Airlines.]]
As in many other retail industries, airlines set aside a certain percentage of income on every ticket sold to fund a loyalty scheme to the reward recurring customers. Frequent flier programmes are used to entice travellers to consistently choose one airline over another, as well as entice additional travel.
 
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=== Redeeming miles ===
[[FileArchivo:Maquette ATR72 Azul au Capitole de Toulouse.JPG|thumbnail|right|One of the ways of obtaining such an aircraft scale model is by purchasing it from a travel shop with your frequent flier miles]]
Utilizing miles is the sweetest part for flyers. Usually the best value for miles are award flights but always watch out for special offer of affiliate partners of the programme. Individual programmes allows also points/miles + cash tickets. If that is interesting depends on the ratio miles/cash in comparison to the cost spent for miles.
==== Award flights ====
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== Frequent flyer status ==
[[FileArchivo:Ffpcard of jpn's airlines.jpg|thumbnail|right|Like many other airlines, Japan Airlines has different colour-coded cards for customers with different frequent-flier statuses, accompanied by a fancy name for each status level]]
A second type of benefits, and one of the most coveted, is the frequent flier status that is usually awarded to those participants of the programme that fulfill certain conditions. This status then yields additional automatic benefits to the participant, not requiring "spending" any extra "miles".
 
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=== Status benefits ===
[[FileArchivo:Diamond Premiere Lounge of Tokyo International Airport Domestic03s3.jpg|thumbnail|right|Attaining a higher status with a frequent flier programme can give one constant access to airport lounges normally reserved for business- and first-class travellers, such as this one at Tokyo Haneda Airport]]
 
Many of the benefits you can attain by acquiring a certain status in the frequent flier programme are the benefits usually given to passengers flying business and/or first class. The difference is that "status" frequent fliers get them, in principle, every time they fly, regardless of whether they fly first, business or economy. Other benefits can only be acquired by attaining the "status".
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While ostensibly the attraction of frequent flier programmes is the possibility to earn awards and acquire the status, there are also other systematic benefits that are available to all participants and can be a reason to participate even for a relatively in-frequent flier.
 
[[FileArchivo:HAJ-Etix machines.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Members of the Miles & More frequent flier programme can check in, print boarding passes and perform numerous other actions after identifying themselves with their frequent flyer card at Lufthansa automated kiosks like these.]]
 
In recent years, airlines started using the cards issued to frequent flier programme participants as identification devices across all communications channels. This way, participants do not have to remember all of their flight details (reservation number, flight number, e-ticket number etc.), but can simply identify themselves by presenting the card to a service agent (provided the agent has access to the programme's computer system) or automated kiosks. One of the most often used facility is checking in and printing out boarding passes at the airport in automated kiosks, which helps save time and allows one to book their tickets without bothering a travel agent or accessing a printer.